{"id":14373,"date":"2023-08-30T13:55:32","date_gmt":"2023-08-30T11:55:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.univ-smb.fr\/locie\/?p=14373"},"modified":"2023-08-30T18:57:10","modified_gmt":"2023-08-30T16:57:10","slug":"vendredi-08-septembre-2023-a-13h30-these-de-julie-ratovonkery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.univ-smb.fr\/locie\/2023\/08\/30\/vendredi-08-septembre-2023-a-13h30-these-de-julie-ratovonkery\/","title":{"rendered":"vendredi 08 septembre 2023 \u00e0 13h30 – Th\u00e8se de Julie RATOVONKERY"},"content":{"rendered":"

Soutenance de th\u00e8se – Julie RATOVONKERY<\/span><\/span>
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

vendredi 08 septembre 2023<\/span><\/span> \u00e0 13h30<\/span><\/span>,<\/strong> amphith\u00e9\u00e2tre PM30 <\/strong>P\u00f4le Montagne 5 Bd de la Mer Caspienne 73370 Le Bourget du Lac<\/span><\/span>
\n<\/span><\/h3>\n

DYNABIOSOL : Conception bio-inspir\u00e9e d\u2019une enveloppe solaire Photovolta\u00efque dynamique aux <\/span><\/span>fonctionnalit\u00e9s \u00e9volutives<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

R\u00e9sum\u00e9:<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u2019urgence climatique, l\u2019augmentation de demandes \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques et l\u2019\u00e9puisement de ressources fossiles<\/span><\/span> ont men\u00e9 \u00e0 des ambitions \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques et environnementales de plus en plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es. Dans le secteur<\/span><\/span> de b\u00e2timent, ces ambitions visent \u00e0 des b\u00e2timents r\u00e9silients, durables, \u00e0 faible impact environnemental<\/span><\/span> et \u00e0 \u00e9nergie positive. L\u2019innovation de l\u2019enveloppe du b\u00e2timent, qui est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment cl\u00e9 de son efficacit\u00e9<\/span><\/span> \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique,<\/span> est<\/span> donc<\/span> primordiale.<\/span> En<\/span> effet,<\/span> l\u2019enveloppe<\/span> est<\/span> souvent<\/span> con\u00e7ue<\/span> sur<\/span> des<\/span> bases<\/span> de<\/span><\/span> fonctionnalit\u00e9s<\/span> statiques.<\/span> Pourtant,<\/span> elle<\/span> devrait<\/span> \u00eatre<\/span> comme<\/span> une<\/span> interface<\/span> adaptative<\/span> et <\/span><\/span>multifonctionnelle, qui \u00e9change et exploite les effets de son environnement, afin d\u2019assurer la qualit\u00e9<\/span><\/span> des<\/span> ambiances<\/span> int\u00e9rieures<\/span> et<\/span> la<\/span> production<\/span> d\u2019\u00e9nergie<\/span> de<\/span> fonctionnement<\/span> du<\/span> b\u00e2timent.<\/span> Dans<\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> contexte, cette th\u00e8se consiste \u00e0 la conception d\u2019une facade adaptative \u00e0 composants photovolta\u00efques<\/span><\/span> (PV) int\u00e9gr\u00e9s. Les fonctionnalit\u00e9s adaptives sont vis\u00e9es tant pour l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de sa performance <\/span><\/span>thermique<\/span> que<\/span> pour<\/span> la<\/span> maximisation<\/span> de<\/span> la<\/span> production<\/span> \u00e9lectrique<\/span> des<\/span> modules<\/span> photovolta\u00efques.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019obtention d\u2019un \u00e9l\u00e9ment d\u2019enveloppe, muni de fonctionnalit\u00e9s dynamiques et adaptatives, fait souvent<\/span><\/span> recours \u00e0 des syst\u00e8mes m\u00e9caniques et de contr\u00f4les complexes. Pour cette raison, une approche de<\/span><\/span> bioinspiration<\/span> et<\/span> l\u2019utilisation<\/span> des<\/span> mat\u00e9riaux<\/span> intelligents<\/span> sont<\/span> choisies<\/span> pour<\/span> obtenir<\/span> des<\/span> m\u00e9canismes<\/span><\/span> d\u2019adaptation<\/span> flexibles<\/span> et<\/span> intelligemment<\/span> low-tech.<\/span> L\u2019approche<\/span> consiste<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> l\u2019analyse<\/span> thermique<\/span> et<\/span><\/span> \u00e9lectrique d\u2019une facade photovolta\u00efque de base. Dans notre \u00e9tude, elle est compos\u00e9e de modules PV<\/span><\/span> bifaciaux, d\u2019une lame d\u2019air ventil\u00e9e et d\u2019un mur multicouche. Le principe est d\u2019identifier des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s<\/span><\/span> limitant cette facade \u00e0 des fonctionnalit\u00e9s statiques. De cette mani\u00e8re, les \u00eatres vivants en lien avec<\/span><\/span> les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s identifi\u00e9es et pouvant franchir ses limitations sont explor\u00e9s. Par la suite, les mat\u00e9riaux<\/span><\/span> intelligents pouvant assurer les strat\u00e9gies bioinspir\u00e9es sont s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s afin de d\u00e9velopper le nouveau<\/span><\/span> concept.<\/span> Enfin,<\/span> la<\/span> solution<\/span> est<\/span> valid\u00e9e<\/span> gr\u00e2ce<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> des<\/span> \u00e9tudes<\/span> exp\u00e9rimentales<\/span> sur<\/span> les<\/span> \u00e9chantillons<\/span> de<\/span><\/span> composants<\/span> intelligents<\/span> choisis<\/span> et<\/span> sur<\/span> un<\/span> prototype<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> \u00e9chelle<\/span> r\u00e9duite<\/span> de<\/span> la<\/span> facade.<\/span> Des<\/span> \u00e9tudes<\/span><\/span> num\u00e9riques<\/span> de<\/span> faisabilit\u00e9<\/span> et<\/span> d\u2019analyse<\/span> de<\/span> performance<\/span> \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> l\u2019\u00e9chelle<\/span> du<\/span> b\u00e2timent<\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> \u00e9galement<\/span> r\u00e9alis\u00e9es.<\/span> Cette<\/span> d\u00e9marche<\/span> a<\/span> conduit<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> l\u2019application<\/span> de<\/span> composants<\/span> de<\/span> bilames<\/span><\/span> thermosensibles et r\u00e9fl\u00e9chissants sur le mur derri\u00e8re les modules PV. Les bilames, en forme de lamelle<\/span><\/span> rectangulaire sont dispos\u00e9s sur le mur en face des cellules PV. Lorsque la temp\u00e9rature augmente, ils<\/span><\/span> fl\u00e9chissent<\/span> progressivement.<\/span> Leur<\/span> d\u00e9formation<\/span> cyclique<\/span> permet<\/span> d\u2019ajuster<\/span> les<\/span> fonctionnalit\u00e9s<\/span> de<\/span> la<\/span><\/span> facade suivant trois principes. Premi\u00e8rement, en \u00e9t\u00e9, la facade photovolta\u00efque se rafraichit gr\u00e2ce \u00e0<\/span><\/span> l\u2019ombrage du mur et \u00e0 la dissipation de chaleur par augmentation progressive de surface d\u2019\u00e9change<\/span><\/span> dans la lame d\u2019air. Deuxi\u00e8mement, en hiver, l\u2019\u00e9nergie solaire thermique est collect\u00e9e soit en fermant la<\/span><\/span> lame d\u2019air ou par la valorisation de l\u2019air pr\u00e9chauff\u00e9e. Enfin, la production \u00e9lectrique des modules PV est<\/span><\/span> optimis\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la r\u00e9flexion des rayons solaires vers la face arri\u00e8re des modules bifaciaux par les<\/span><\/span> bilames.<\/span> Les<\/span> \u00e9tudes<\/span> exp\u00e9rimentales<\/span> et<\/span> num\u00e9riques<\/span> r\u00e9alis\u00e9es<\/span> ont<\/span> permis<\/span> de<\/span> valider<\/span> le<\/span> potentiel<\/span> du<\/span><\/span> concept pour l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, surtout pour l\u2019augmentation de la production <\/span><\/span>d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 et la performance thermique en \u00e9t\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

Composition du jury :
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

M. Marco<\/span><\/span> FOSSA,<\/span><\/span><\/span> University of Genova,<\/span><\/span> Rapporteur<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

M. Daniel<\/span><\/span> AELENEI<\/span><\/span><\/span> NOVA, University Lisbon,<\/span><\/span> Rapporteur<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mme St\u00e9phanie<\/span><\/span> GIROUX-<\/span><\/span>JULIEN,<\/span><\/span><\/span> UCBL 1,<\/span><\/span> Examinatrice<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

M. Daniel<\/span><\/span> ROUSSE,<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u00c9cole de technologie sup\u00e9rieure, Universit\u00e9 du<\/span><\/span> Qu\u00e9bec,<\/span><\/span> Examinateur<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

M. Christian<\/span><\/span> INARD,<\/span><\/span><\/span> La Rochelle Universit\u00e9,<\/span><\/span> Examinateur<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

M. Rodolphe<\/span><\/span> MORLOT,<\/span><\/span><\/span> ADEME<\/span><\/span> ,Examinateur<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

M. Christophe<\/span><\/span> MENEZO,<\/span><\/span><\/span> Universit\u00e9 Savoie Mont-Blanc,<\/span><\/span> Directeur de th\u00e8se<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mme Ya Brigitte<\/span><\/span> ASSOA,<\/span><\/span><\/span> CEA (LITEN),<\/span><\/span> Co-directrice de<\/span><\/span> th\u00e8se<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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