{"id":6712,"date":"2020-12-14T20:55:49","date_gmt":"2020-12-14T19:55:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.univ-smb.fr\/locie\/?p=6712"},"modified":"2021-01-19T05:11:19","modified_gmt":"2021-01-19T04:11:19","slug":"soutenance-de-these-hugo-geoffroy-mardi-15-decembre-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.univ-smb.fr\/locie\/2020\/12\/14\/soutenance-de-these-hugo-geoffroy-mardi-15-decembre-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"Mardi 15 d\u00e9cembre 2020 – Th\u00e8se d’Hugo GEOFFROY"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hugo GEOFFROY<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

M\u00e9thode pour la d\u00e9tection de d\u00e9fauts des syst\u00e8mes \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques – Couplage expertise et m\u00e9thode de r\u00e9duction de dimensions<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Mardi 15 d\u00e9cembre 2020, 10h00<\/b> \u00e0 Chamb\u00e9ry.<\/h3>\n
Composition du jury :<\/strong><\/div>\n
M. John LITTLEWOOD<\/b>, Cardiff Metropolitan University (Rapporteur)<\/div>\n
M. Erwin FRANQUET<\/b>, Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d’Azur (Rapporteur)<\/div>\n
Mme. Val\u00e9rie ROY,<\/b> Centre de Math\u00e9matiques Appliqu\u00e9es, Les Mines ParisTech (Examinatrice)<\/div>\n
Mme. Ga\u00ebl HUERRE<\/b>, ENGIE Solution Tertiaire et Proximit\u00e9 (Examinatrice)<\/div>\n
Mme. Evelyne GONZE<\/b>, Polytech Chamb\u00e9ry (Co-directrice)<\/div>\n
M. G\u00e9rard SAUCE<\/b>, Polytech Nice (Co-directeur)<\/div>\n
M. Julien BERGER<\/b>, Universit\u00e9 de La Rochelle (Encadrant)<\/div>\n
Mme. Catherine BUHE<\/b>, Polytech Chamb\u00e9ry (Encadrante)<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
R\u00e9sum\u00e9 <\/b>: <\/u><\/div>\n
Le secteur du b\u00e2timent est responsable <\/span>d’approximativement<\/span> 41<\/span> % des consommations en \u00e9nergie primaire. Les directives internationales cherchant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les consommations \u00e9nergiques et \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre, s’int\u00e9ressent logiquement \u00e0 ce secteur. C’est pourquoi ces derni\u00e8res tendent vers la cr\u00e9ation et la r\u00e9novation de b\u00e2timents et de syst\u00e8mes toujours plus performants <\/span>\u00e9nerg\u00e9tiquement<\/span>. Parmi les consommations \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques du b\u00e2timent, 50<\/span> % proviennent de l’utilisation des syst\u00e8mes assurant de bonnes conditions int\u00e9rieures comme le chauffage, la ventilation et la climatisation (<\/span>CVC<\/span>). N\u00e9anmoins, l’analyse des donn\u00e9es de consommation r\u00e9elle des b\u00e2timents met en \u00e9vidence un \u00e9cart entre les estimations issues des calculs de la phase de conception et les mesures. Ces diff\u00e9rences peuvent notamment s’expliquer par le mauvais fonctionnement des syst\u00e8mes install\u00e9s. Les dysfonctionnements des syst\u00e8mes \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques induisent des gaspillages de consommation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques allant de 25<\/span> % \u00e0 50<\/span> %, pouvant \u00eatre r\u00e9duits consid\u00e9rablement avec un suivi continu. Ces mauvais fonctionnements sont dus \u00e0 ce que <\/span>l\u2019on<\/span> appelle des d\u00e9fauts du syst\u00e8me. Ils peuvent prendre des formes diff\u00e9rentes comme la d\u00e9rive de capteur, des pannes ou des probl\u00e8mes de r\u00e9glage ou d’entretien. Les m\u00e9thodes comme le commissionnement des b\u00e2timents et la d\u00e9tection de d\u00e9fauts sont tr\u00e8s efficaces pour la r\u00e9duction des consommations parasites des syst\u00e8mes. Ainsi elles sont des leviers majeurs pour la r\u00e9duction des consommations \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques dans le secteur du b\u00e2timent. Ces m\u00e9thodes permettent de d\u00e9celer <\/span>l\u2019apparition<\/span> d\u2019un<\/span> d\u00e9faut dans un syst\u00e8me et <\/span>d\u2019en<\/span> informer les services de maintenance et <\/span>d\u2019exploitation<\/span>. <\/span>L\u2019objectif<\/span> de ce travail de th\u00e8se est le d\u00e9veloppement <\/span>d\u2019une<\/span> m\u00e9thode de d\u00e9tection de d\u00e9fauts permettant de lever plusieurs des verrous scientifiques et technologiques <\/span>s\u2019opposant<\/span> \u00e0 la diffusion de ce type <\/span>d\u2019outil<\/span>. La m\u00e9thode de d\u00e9tection de d\u00e9fauts d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e est hybride, bas\u00e9e sur <\/span>l\u2019expertise<\/span> (<\/span>knowledge<\/span>–<\/span>based<\/span>) et sur les donn\u00e9es relev\u00e9es (data-<\/span>based<\/span>). Ce couplage en fait un outil efficace et adaptable, qui permet le suivi et <\/span>l\u2019estimation<\/span> de <\/span>l\u2019\u00e9tat<\/span> du syst\u00e8me en temps r\u00e9el gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un traitement en continu des donn\u00e9es par des r\u00e8gles expertes. Les r\u00e9sultats sont alors pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s sous forme de cartes de <\/span>l\u2019\u00e9tat<\/span> de fonctionnement du syst\u00e8me, obtenues via des m\u00e9thodes de r\u00e9duction de dimension. Cet outil est test\u00e9 sur des syst\u00e8mes de ventilation dans le cas <\/span>d\u2019un<\/span> b\u00e2timent neuf et <\/span>d\u2019un<\/span> b\u00e2timent existant. Pour le premier, des donn\u00e9es de fonctionnement du syst\u00e8me sont g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9es num\u00e9riquement afin <\/span>d\u2019\u00e9tablir<\/span> les cartes. La d\u00e9tection de d\u00e9fauts est ensuite valid\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des donn\u00e9es exp\u00e9rimentales de fonctionnement <\/span>d\u2019un<\/span> syst\u00e8me r\u00e9el recueillies en environnement semi-contr\u00f4l\u00e9. Les donn\u00e9es exp\u00e9rimentales, correspondant aux fonctionnements du syst\u00e8me en condition nominale et d\u00e9fectueux, sont projet\u00e9es sur les cartes afin de v\u00e9rifier leur capacit\u00e9 de d\u00e9tection de d\u00e9fauts. Dans le cas de b\u00e2timents existants la m\u00e9thode est test\u00e9e sur des donn\u00e9es r\u00e9elles relev\u00e9es sur plusieurs ann\u00e9es. Ces \u00e9tudes d\u00e9montrent <\/span>l\u2019efficacit\u00e9<\/span> de la m\u00e9thode pour d\u00e9tecter rapidement les d\u00e9fauts du syst\u00e8me.<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Abstract :<\/b><\/u><\/div>\n
The<\/span> building <\/span>field<\/span> accounts<\/span> for <\/span>around<\/span> 41<\/span> % <\/span>of<\/span> the<\/span> primary<\/span> energy<\/span> consumption<\/span>. As <\/span>the<\/span> international directives <\/span>aim<\/span> to<\/span> reduce<\/span> the<\/span> energy<\/span> consumption<\/span> and <\/span>greenhouse<\/span> gas<\/span> emissions<\/span>, <\/span>they<\/span> count on this <\/span>sector<\/span>. <\/span>So<\/span> they<\/span> work<\/span> toward<\/span> the<\/span> creation<\/span> and <\/span>refurbishment<\/span> of<\/span> buildings and a more <\/span>energy<\/span> efficient system. <\/span>Among<\/span> the<\/span> building <\/span>energy<\/span> consumption<\/span>, 50<\/span> % <\/span>come<\/span> from <\/span>the<\/span> systems<\/span> use for <\/span>indoor<\/span> comfort<\/span> as <\/span>the<\/span> heating<\/span>, ventilation, and air <\/span>conditioning<\/span> (<\/span>HVAC<\/span>). <\/span>However<\/span>, <\/span>the<\/span> real building <\/span>consumption<\/span> data <\/span>analysis<\/span> highlights<\/span> a gap <\/span>between<\/span> the<\/span> expected<\/span> consumption<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> design phase and <\/span>the<\/span> measured<\/span> consumption<\/span>. <\/span>These<\/span> differences<\/span> can<\/span> be <\/span>explained<\/span> in part <\/span>by<\/span> the<\/span> poor<\/span> operation<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> setup<\/span> systems<\/span>. <\/span>These<\/span> system <\/span>failures<\/span> induce<\/span> energy<\/span> waste<\/span> between<\/span> 25 <\/span>% and 50<\/span> % but <\/span>can<\/span> be <\/span>significantly<\/span> reduced<\/span> by<\/span> a <\/span>good<\/span> follow<\/span>-up. <\/span>These<\/span> systems\u2019<\/span> bad<\/span> operations<\/span> are <\/span>called<\/span> systems<\/span> faults<\/span>. <\/span>These<\/span> faults<\/span> can<\/span> take<\/span> different<\/span> forms<\/span> such<\/span> as <\/span>sensors<\/span> drift<\/span>, <\/span>breakdown<\/span>, <\/span>setting<\/span>, or maintenance <\/span>problems<\/span>. Building <\/span>commissioning<\/span> or <\/span>fault<\/span> detection<\/span> and <\/span>diagnosis<\/span> are <\/span>very<\/span> effective <\/span>to<\/span> reduce<\/span> the<\/span> systems\u2019<\/span> unwanted<\/span> consumption<\/span>. <\/span>Thus<\/span> they<\/span> are a major lever <\/span>to<\/span> cut down <\/span>the<\/span> energy<\/span> consumption<\/span> in <\/span>the<\/span> building <\/span>field<\/span>. <\/span>These<\/span> methods<\/span> allow<\/span> to<\/span> detect<\/span> system <\/span>faults<\/span> apparition <\/span>to<\/span> alert<\/span> the<\/span> maintenance and <\/span>operation<\/span> staff. <\/span>This<\/span> thesis<\/span> aims<\/span> to<\/span> develop<\/span> a <\/span>fault<\/span> detection<\/span> and <\/span>diagnosis<\/span> method<\/span> that<\/span> allow<\/span> to<\/span> removing<\/span> some<\/span> scientific and <\/span>technical<\/span> obstacle <\/span>whose<\/span> inhibit<\/span> the<\/span> diffusion <\/span>of<\/span> these<\/span> tools<\/span>. <\/span>The<\/span> hybrid<\/span> fault<\/span> detection<\/span> method<\/span> developed<\/span> is<\/span> knowledge<\/span> and data-<\/span>based<\/span>. <\/span>This<\/span> coupling<\/span> form<\/span> an effective and adaptable <\/span>tool<\/span>, <\/span>that<\/span> allows<\/span> the<\/span> monitoring and <\/span>the<\/span> system <\/span>state<\/span> estimation in real-time <\/span>thanks<\/span> to<\/span> continuous<\/span> expert <\/span>rules<\/span> treatment<\/span>. <\/span>The<\/span> results<\/span> are <\/span>presented<\/span> under<\/span> the<\/span> form<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> system <\/span>operation<\/span> map <\/span>obtain<\/span> thanks<\/span> to<\/span> the<\/span> dimension <\/span>reduction<\/span> method<\/span>. <\/span>This<\/span> tool<\/span> is<\/span> tested<\/span> on a ventilation system for a new building and an <\/span>existing<\/span> building cases. For <\/span>the<\/span> new building case, <\/span>numerical<\/span> system <\/span>operation<\/span> data are <\/span>generated<\/span> for <\/span>the<\/span> map construction. <\/span>Then<\/span> the<\/span> fault<\/span> detection<\/span> is<\/span> validated<\/span> thanks<\/span> to<\/span> experimental<\/span> data from <\/span>the<\/span> same<\/span> system <\/span>measured<\/span> in a <\/span>half<\/span>–<\/span>controlled<\/span> environment<\/span>. <\/span>The<\/span> experimental<\/span> data <\/span>represent<\/span> the<\/span> nominal and <\/span>faulty<\/span> operation<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> system. <\/span>They<\/span> are <\/span>projected<\/span> on <\/span>the<\/span> map in <\/span>order<\/span> to<\/span> check<\/span> their<\/span> fault<\/span> detection<\/span> ability<\/span>. <\/span>The<\/span> existing<\/span> building case <\/span>is<\/span> tested<\/span> on real <\/span>measured<\/span> data <\/span>of<\/span> a <\/span>few<\/span> years<\/span>. <\/span>These<\/span> studies<\/span> show <\/span>the<\/span> efficiency<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> method<\/span> to<\/span> quickly<\/span> detects<\/span> the<\/span> system <\/span>faults<\/span>.<\/span><\/div>\n
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<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hugo GEOFFROY M\u00e9thode pour la d\u00e9tection de d\u00e9fauts des syst\u00e8mes \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques – Couplage expertise et m\u00e9thode de r\u00e9duction de dimensions Mardi 15 d\u00e9cembre 2020, 10h00 \u00e0 Chamb\u00e9ry. Composition du jury : M. John LITTLEWOOD, Cardiff […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":7764,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","_seopress_robots_follow":"","_seopress_robots_imageindex":"","_seopress_robots_snippet":"","_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_robots_breadcrumbs":"","_seopress_robots_freeze_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_custom_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_canonical":"","_seopress_social_fb_title":"","_seopress_social_fb_desc":"","_seopress_social_fb_img":"","_seopress_social_fb_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_height":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_title":"","_seopress_social_twitter_desc":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_height":0,"_seopress_redirections_value":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled_regex":"","_seopress_redirections_logged_status":"","_seopress_redirections_param":"","_seopress_redirections_type":301,"_seopress_analysis_target_kw":"","_seopress_news_disabled":"","_seopress_video_disabled":"","_seopress_video":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas_manual":[],"_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable_all":"","_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas":[],"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6712","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-classe-fr","category-theses"],"acf":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.univ-smb.fr\/locie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/72\/2020\/12\/these-hugo-geoffroy3.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.univ-smb.fr\/locie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6712","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.univ-smb.fr\/locie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.univ-smb.fr\/locie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.univ-smb.fr\/locie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.univ-smb.fr\/locie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6712"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.univ-smb.fr\/locie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6712\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6730,"href":"https:\/\/www.univ-smb.fr\/locie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6712\/revisions\/6730"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.univ-smb.fr\/locie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7764"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.univ-smb.fr\/locie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6712"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.univ-smb.fr\/locie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6712"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.univ-smb.fr\/locie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6712"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}